Definition and Examples of Exonyms and Endonyms

Definition and Examples of Exonyms and Endonyms An exonym is a spot nameâ that isnt utilized by the individuals who live in that place however that is utilized by others. Additionally spelledâ xenonym. Paul Woodman has characterized exonym as a toponym presented all things considered, and in a language all things considered (in Exonyms and the International Standardization of Geographical Names, 2007). For model, Warsaw is the English exonym forâ the capital of Poland, which the Polish individuals call Warszawa. Vienna is the English exonym for the German and Austrian Wien. In contrast,â aâ locally utilized toponym-that is, aâ name utilized by a gathering of individuals to allude to themselves orâ their locale (instead of a name given to them by others)- is called an endonym (or autonym). For example, Kà ¶ln is a German endonym while Cologne is the English exonym for Kà ¶ln. Analysis Europes second-longest waterway is the Danubethe English exonym for Donau (in German), Dunaj (in Slovak), and Duna (in Hungarian).Berber derives from a definitive exonymâ (i.e. a name given by pariahs): the Greek word barbaroi, which emulated the strangeness of a language byâ rendering it as something much the same as yakkity yak. From it, we get savage, just as Barbary (as in Barbary Coast, Barbary Pirates, and Barbary chimps). In current utilization, numerous exonyms can be viewed as obtuse (Gypsy, Lapp, Hottentot) and inclination is given to the endonym (Roma, Saami, Khoi-San).(Frank Jacobs, All Hail Azawad. The New York Times, April 10, 2012) [T]he English language exonym Mecca has been demonstrated to be unsuitable to numerous Arab specialists, who are awkward with any change to the toponym of the sacred spot Makkah.(Paul Woodman, Exonyms: A Structural Classification and a Fresh Approach, in Exonyms and the International Standardization of Geographical Names, ed. by Ad ami Jordan, et al. LIT Verlag, 2007) Purposes behind the Existence of Exonyms - There are three fundamental purposes behind the presence of exonyms. The first is recorded. As a rule, adventurers, unconscious of existing spot names, or colonizers and military victors incognizant of them, gave names in their own dialects to land highlights having local names...The second purpose behind exonyms originates from issues of pronunciation...There is a third explanation. In the event that a land include stretches out over more than one nation it might have an alternate name in each. (Naftali Kadmon, Toponymy-Theory, and Practice of Geographical Names, in Basic Cartography for Students and Technicians, ed. by R. W. Anson, et al. Butterworth-Heinemann, 1996)-  English utilizes generally not many exonyms for European urban areas, particularly ones it has concocted all alone ( not obtained); this might be clarified by geographic disconnection. This could likewise clarify the low number of exonyms that different dialects use for English urban communities. (Jarno Raukko, A Linguistic Classification of Eponyms, in Exonyms, ed. by Adami Jordan, et al. 2007) Toponyms, Endonyms, and Exonyms - For aâ toponymâ to be characterized as anâ exonym, there must exist a base level of distinction among it and the correspondingâ endonym... The exclusion of diacritical stamps for the most part doesn't transform an endonym into an exonym: Sao Paulo (for So Paulo); Malaga (for Mlaga) or Amman (for Ê ¿AmmÄ n) are not considered exonyms. (Joined Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names, Manual for the National Standardization of Geographical Names. Joined Nations Publications, 2006)- If a significant topographic component is found or contained altogether inside a solitary nation, most great world chart books and maps print theâ endonymâ as the essential name, with the interpretation or change into the language of the map book either in sections or in littler kind. On the off chance that an element rises above political limits, and particularly in the event that it conveys various names in the various nations, or on the off chance that it lies outside the regional waters of any one nation exonymisation or interpretation into the objective language of the chart book or guide is quite often depended on. (Naftali Kadmon, Toponymy-Theory, and Practice of Geographical Names, in Basic Cartography for Students and Technicians, altered by R. W. Anson, et al. Butterworth-Heinemann, 1996) Further Reading Name Thatâ -nymNationality WordOnomasticsProper Name